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Money2069

La Bulle

Local Complementary Currency·active·France

La Bulle is the local currency of the Charente in France. One Bulle is worth one euro. Members swap euros for paper notes or an app balance and spend them at businesses across the department. The euros stay at the ethical bank La Nef, which lends against them to local projects. The association Poivre MLC has run the currency since March 2019, with the Angouleme city and agglomeration councils and the chambers of commerce, trades and agriculture as partners.

2.9
Weakly aligned
Monetary Sovereignty
2.9
Civilizational Durability
2.7
Universal Adoption
3.3
Rated today
M69 Verdict

A small, well-partnered French local currency that does the debt-free part right and the fiat-independence part not at all. Every Bulle is a euro handed over and held at an ethical bank that relends locally, which is where the real effect sits. Seven years live, roughly 4,500 members and 332 businesses at the last public count, and one salaried post carrying it.

M69 Score

M69 Alignment2.9
Weakly aligned
1.02.03.04.05.0
12345Iss Mod 3xStability 2xFia Ind & Int 2xTraction 2xSovereigntyGovernanceResilienceInclusivity
Monetary Sovereignty2.9
Issuance (3x) + Stability (2x) + Fiat Indep. (2x)
Civilizational Durability2.7
Sovereignty + Governance + Resilience
Universal Adoption3.3
Traction (2x) + Inclusivity
Iss Mod3x
4.0
Stability2x
3.0
Fia Ind & Int2x
1.0
Traction2x
3.0
Sovereignty
2.0
Governance
3.0
Resilience
3.0
Inclusivity
4.0

Scored against the Money2069 Manifestosee methodology. Higher = more aligned.

Detailed Rating Breakdown

Issuance Model3x
4.0

IM-01 3 (join the association and exchange, no gatekeeping beyond membership), IM-02 5 (no debt anywhere in the design, every Bulle exists because a euro was handed over), IM-03 2 (issuance follows demand for the currency, not any measure of local output), IM-04 4 (elastic and uncapped in both directions), IM-05 4 (businesses reconvert to euros, so the float shrinks as well as grows). Average 3.6.

Spending Power Stability2x
3.0

SPS-01 3 (a full euro reserve and redemption at par), SPS-02 3 (the euro is a low inflation reference), SPS-03 3 (the guarantee fund sits at a named ethical bank, but there is no published audit), SPS-04 4 (parity has held since 2019), SPS-05 2 (long-run purchasing power is not addressed), SPS-06 2 (the currency only works inside the Charente). Weighted 2.9.

Fiat Independence & Interoperability2x
1.0

This is the weakest category and the score is the honest arithmetic. FI-01 1 (a Bulle is a euro by definition), FI-02 1 (the reserve is entirely euros), FI-03 2 (the euro fund at La Nef is needed for routine reconversion), FI-04 1, FI-05 2 (a euro failure takes the reserve with it), FI-06 1 (no transition is planned or wanted), FI-07 2 (nothing else can denominate in the Bulle), FI-08 2 (no cross-currency standard). Weighted 1.5.

Traction2x
3.0

TR-01 4 (live, and the April 2026 call for volunteers shows it is running thin), TR-02 4 (launched March 2019), TR-03 2 (about 4,500 members at the last public count), TR-04 3 (332 accepting businesses at the last public count), TR-05 2 (everything is priced in euros and paid in Bulles), TR-06 4, TR-07 5 (the agglomeration, the city, three chambers and La Nef), TR-08 3 (regional press and institutional pages), TR-09 3 (a 2021 municipal giveaway of 50 euros to 5,000 staff drove much of the growth), TR-10 3 (no fresher figures published), TR-11 3. Weighted 2.9.

Sovereignty
2.0

SO-01 2 (one association runs it), SO-02 2 (the payment app is proprietary), SO-03 1 (one country, one department), SO-04 3 (paper notes are self-custodied, the app balance is not), SO-05 2 (one salaried post and volunteers), SO-06 2 (the app provider and the bank), SO-07 3 (membership can be refused, but nothing is blacklisted in practice), SO-08 3 (paper spends privately, the app does not), SO-09 1 (the rules are statutes, no technology enforces them). Weighted 2.0.

Governance
3.0

GO-01 4 (a French 1901 association with statutes and a general assembly), GO-02 4 (one member one vote across roughly 4,500 members), GO-03 3 (decisions are public to members, less so outside), GO-04 4 (there is nothing worth capturing), GO-05 3, GO-06 2, GO-07 3 (the local currency charter and the 2014 social economy law set the object), GO-08 3 (parity and the guarantee fund are fixed in statute and in French law). Weighted 3.2.

Resilience
3.0

RE-01 3 (seven years including the pandemic, no adversarial event), RE-02 2 (one association, one app), RE-03 3 (paper notes and a euro fund survive a systems failure), RE-04 5 (the whole design fits on a page), RE-05 4 (paper is the fallback for any app), RE-06 3 (fully reserved, so a run just drains the fund in an orderly way), RE-07 2 (one salaried post, and the April 2026 post asks publicly for help), RE-08 3 (paper works with no network), RE-09 1. Weighted 2.6.

Inclusivity
4.0

IN-01 3 (you have to be in the Charente and join), IN-02 3 (a membership fee), IN-03 3 (paper notes work without a bank account, but the underbanked are not the target), IN-04 5 (a nonprofit, and the euro reserve is lent to local projects rather than earning anyone a spread), IN-05 5 (identical rules for every member), IN-06 3 (name and contact, no identity documents), IN-07 4 (no interest, no yield, the design pushes money to circulate). Weighted 3.8.